Canada has historically been known for its openness to immigrants and its multicultural approach to social integration. Studies show that Canadians demonstrate relatively high levels of acceptance of newcomers compared to other countries around the world. In 2019, Canada was ranked the most welcoming country for immigrants in a survey of 145 countries according to the Gallup Migrant Acceptance Index.
A recent CBC poll found that newcomers are satisfied with life in Canada, although they cite a lack of jobs and services for immigrants. Overall, more than 80% of Canadians believe that immigrants are good for the economy, and most approve of multiculturalism as a foundation of Canadian identity.
For decades, Canada has built a reputation as a country that welcomes people from other countries, and this has increasingly become part of the country's self-image. Environics Institute surveys conducted since 1977 have shown consistently positive attitudes toward immigration among Canadians.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, contrary to expectations, Canadians' openness to newcomers actually increased, reaching record levels in more than 40 years of Focus Canada research. More than 8 in 10 Canadians considered immigrants beneficial to the economy, citing job creation and business expansion as the main reasons for accepting newcomers.
However, the situation changed in 2023. Surveys showed a significant increase in the number of Canadians who believe that the country is accepting too many immigrants. In 2024, 58% of Canadians believed that immigration levels were too high — a 14 percentage point increase from 2023 and the highest level since 1998.
These changes in public opinion are linked to:
It is important to note that these concerns are now evident across all ethnic and age groups, including immigrants themselves. According to the Leger poll, 57 percent of immigrants also agree that there are too many immigrants.
Canadians are often described as friendly but reserved. They are polite and welcoming, but forming deeper connections can take time and effort. This cultural trait influences the experience of newcomers as they try to find genuine friends.
Research shows that Canadians demonstrate traditional politeness, but moving from small talk to genuine friendship requires initiative on both sides. Small talk is an important part of Canadian culture, including topics such as the weather, sports, or local events.
Social customs vary between provinces:
Ontario: The metropolitan environment encourages more active social habits
Quebec: The community culture is focused on hospitality and inclusiveness
British Columbia: Most socializing takes place outdoors
The most commonly cited factor limiting the opportunities and depth of interaction between peers is newcomers' lack of English language skills. However, behind this simple problem lie complex psychological, social, and cultural factors.
Research shows that newcomers often feel uncomfortable and anxious when talking to Canadians. Similarly, Canadians also feel that they do not know what to say to newcomers or are worried that they might say something wrong.
Statistics reveal a serious problem: recent immigrants report an average loneliness score of 1.49, which is higher than that of Canadians (1.36). Long-term immigrants have a similarly high score of 1.50.
Compared to the general population, immigrants have higher rates of loneliness, which can lead to stress, anxiety, and physical health problems. Importantly, loneliness does not decrease with length of residence in Canada, indicating structural problems in the social integration process.
Despite official multiculturalism policies, discrimination remains a barrier to social integration. Studies show that 16% of racial minorities among newcomers report discrimination in accessing settlement services.
Particularly vulnerable groups include:
Research conducted in three secondary schools in Calgary revealed important findings about the social integration of young newcomers. Despite the strong motivation of newcomer students to connect socially with local students, several barriers prevent this from happening.
The main obstacles include:
It is interesting to note that some international students first encountered the phenomenon of social “cliques” in Canadian schools. As one 12th grade student noted:
“I learned about cliques for the first time in Canada... I have lived in many countries, such as Tunisia, Nigeria, and Algeria... but I had never encountered cliques before. It was very unique.”
Participating in volunteer organizations is one of the most effective ways to establish connections. Organizations such as the YMCA offer affordable programs for different age groups where newcomers can meet like-minded people.
Settlement agencies play a key role by providing not only practical assistance but also programs that help newcomers and their families build relationships with their new community.
Digital platforms have revolutionized the way newcomers integrate. Platforms such as Meetup, Bumble BFF, and Eventbrite provide invaluable opportunities to participate in local events.
Social networks such as Facebook, Reddit, and local forums offer constant updates on community events and useful tips for newcomers.
Canadians lead very active lifestyles and participate in a variety of sports throughout the year. Joining sports leagues, world-class ski resorts, and water sports can be a great way for newcomers to socialize.
Canadian multiculturalism has been an official policy since 1971 and aims to preserve and develop the cultural characteristics of each nationality in society. This policy has created a framework for newcomers to maintain elements of their culture and traditions while participating in the mainstream life of the country.
Research shows that multiculturalism has been largely successful in achieving its two main goals:
Indicators of the success of multiculturalism include:
Approximately 85% of those eligible for citizenship become citizens. Voting, volunteering, and charitable activity rates among immigrants are comparable to those of native-born Canadians.
The Ukrainian-speaking diaspora in Canada has existed for over a century and has created an extensive network of Ukrainian-speaking communities. This makes Canada particularly attractive to Ukrainian newcomers, as they can count on the support of an established community.
Over the past year, more than 130,000 Ukrainian citizens have arrived in Canada — the largest influx in history. Canada's CUAET simplified visa program and numerous volunteer groups have provided support for Ukrainian newcomers.
Success stories demonstrate the effectiveness of the Canadian support system. For example, Inna, who arrived from Ukraine in March 2023, was able to find a host family, get a job, and start a new life in safety thanks to the help of Good Neighbors Canada.
Another story is about Anna and Anton, who arrived in Calgary with only a backpack. Thanks to the support of Gateway and ISC, they were able to find housing, learn the language, and integrate into the community. Anna even became a customer service representative at ISC, helping other newcomers.
Research shows that social integration of immigrants is limited in Canada and does not improve over time. Even after more than ten years of living in the country, immigrants do not integrate into society as well as native Canadians.
Key systemic issues:
Canada is at a crossroads with regard to its immigration policy. On the one hand, there are growing concerns about the number of newcomers and the pressure on housing and public services. On the other hand, the country continues to need immigrants for economic growth and to address demographic challenges.
The key to success lies in addressing the root causes of concerns while preserving Canada's values of openness and multiculturalism. This includes:
Social integration is a two-way process that requires effort from both newcomers and the host society. Research shows that the most successful outcomes are achieved when both sides actively work to build connections.
Be patient and understanding
Participate in intercultural events
Support inclusive policies and programs
Are Canadians open to meeting newcomers? The answer is complex and multifaceted. Overall, Canadians demonstrate a higher level of acceptance of newcomers compared to many other countries, but significant challenges remain.
Positive aspects include:
Challenges include:
The success of social integration in Canada depends on continued investment in programs that foster genuine connections between newcomers and local residents, while addressing the structural issues that create barriers to full participation in Canadian society.
Canada has all the tools to remain a world leader in welcoming and integrating newcomers, but this requires ongoing attention, resources, and commitment from all levels of society.