How to apply for temporary protection: step-by-step instructions

Applying for temporary protection in Canada is a complex, multi-step process that can open the door to safety and a new life for those who are at risk in their country of origin. Whether you are seeking protection as a refugee, applying for protected person status, or needing a temporary residence permit, understanding each step of the process is critical to the success of your application.

In Canada, there are several pathways to obtain temporary protection, each with its own specific requirements, timelines, and procedures. From the initial application to the final decision, each step requires careful preparation and attention to detail. These programs include extending status under the CUAET program for Ukrainians, applying for protected person status through the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Pre-Removal Risk Assessment (PRRA), and temporary residence permits for individuals who are technically inadmissible to Canada.

Preparing to Apply

Determining Your Protection Category

Before beginning the application process, it is extremely important to correctly determine which temporary protection category best fits your situation. Choosing the wrong category can result in delays, refusals, or even the loss of the ability to apply in the future.

For Ukrainian citizens and their families who are already in Canada under the CUAET program, status extensions are available until March 31, 2026. This category is suitable for those who arrived in Canada before March 31, 2024, and have valid CUAET documents.

Individuals seeking protection as refugees or protected persons must apply through Canada's refugee protection system. This applies to those who cannot safely return to their country due to persecution, torture, or other serious threats.

PRRA applicants are individuals who are facing deportation but can demonstrate new risks associated with returning to their country of origin. This category is often used as a last resort for protection.

Individuals who require a TRP are typically technically inadmissible to Canada due to a criminal history, health issues, or other factors, but have compelling reasons to remain in the country.

Gathering the necessary documents

Identity documents are the foundation of any temporary protection application. These include a valid passport or other travel document, birth certificate, national identity card, school or university certificates, driver's license, military documents, and professional or religious membership cards.

Evidence of your circumstances must clearly demonstrate the need for protection. This could include medical reports confirming physical or psychological abuse, police reports or crime reports, documents from courts or government agencies, newspaper articles or social media posts related to your situation, letters from witnesses or experts, and photographs documenting violence or persecution.

Translations of all documents not in English or French must be certified. The translator must confirm their qualifications and the accuracy of the translation. It is important that translations are complete and accurate, as any discrepancies may call into question the credibility of your application.

Financial Planning

Understanding the associated costs is an important part of your preparation. While some categories of protection, such as refugee applications, do not require a fee, others may have significant fees. Biometrics cost CAD $85 for an individual applicant or a maximum of CAD $170 for a family. Temporary residence permits (TRPs) cost CAD $239.75. Work and study permits can cost between CAD $150 and CAD $155.

It is also important to plan for additional expenses, including the cost of document translation, notarization, medical examinations, legal assistance, and transportation costs to visit immigration offices.

Step 1: Initial Application

Applying for Protected Person Status

The application process can begin in two ways: at the point of entry into Canada or while already in the country. When applying at the port of entry, you will speak with a Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officer who will conduct an interview to determine your eligibility to apply and gather initial information about your reasons for seeking protection.

For applications from within the country, the process begins through the IRCC online portal. Applicants must create an account, complete the required forms, and submit the Basis of Claim (BOC) form along with supporting documents. It is important to note that applicants have 90 days to submit their application after it is opened on the portal, after which the application may be deleted for confidentiality reasons.

Completing the Basis of Claim (BOC) form

The BOC form is the most important document in your refugee protection application. This form contains detailed information about you personally and explains the reasons why you need protection. The form must be completed and submitted within 15 calendar days of your case being referred to the Refugee Protection Division (RPD), although this has been extended to 45 days due to the pandemic.

Completing the BOC form requires careful attention to each section. Section 1, “Who You Are,” includes basic biographical information, including your full name, date of birth, citizenship, languages you speak, and marital status. Section 2, “Your Identity,” requires detailed information about your education, employment, military service, political activities, and membership in organizations.

Sections 3 and 4 are the most critical parts of the form. Section 3, “Why You Left Your Country,” should contain a detailed description of the events that led to your departure, including specific dates, places, and individuals involved in the persecution or threats. Section 4, “Why you cannot return to your country,” should explain the current risks and why you cannot obtain protection from your country's government.

Process for Ukrainian citizens (CUAET)

For Ukrainians who are already in Canada under the CUAET program, the renewal process is relatively simple. You can apply for a new open work permit for up to 3 years, a renewal of your existing work permit, or a new study permit until March 31, 2026.

Applications are submitted online through the official website of the Government of Canada. You will need to create an account on canada.ca and answer the questions as indicated on the website dedicated to Ukrainian immigration measures. Once you have created an account and answered the questions, the system will generate a personalized list of documents.

The main form to fill out is IMM5710, “Application to Change Conditions or Extend Stay in Canada.” You must download, save, and open the form in Adobe Acrobat Reader. The rest of the forms and documents will depend on individual circumstances, such as family information and the use of a representative.

Step 2: Biometrics and Medical Examinations

Biometrics Collection Process

Most applicants must provide biometrics (fingerprints and a photograph) as part of the application process. This process involves several steps: first, you must pay a biometric fee of CAD $85 for an individual applicant or a maximum of CAD $170 for a family. After payment, you will receive a Biometric Instruction Letter (BIL), which gives you permission to have your biometric data collected.

Appointments are made at an official biometric collection center. There are several such centers in major Canadian cities, and you can choose the one that is most convenient for you. It is important to bring your biometric instruction letter (BIL) and a valid passport or other form of identification with you.

The biometric data collection procedure usually takes about 30 minutes. A technician will scan your fingerprints and take a digital photograph. This data is used to verify your identity and search security and criminal records databases.

Medical examinations and requirements

Medical examinations may be required depending on your country of origin, the length of your planned stay, your age, and the presence of certain medical conditions. For most temporary protection applicants, a medical examination is not mandatory, especially for those applying from within Canada.

Participants in the CUAET program had special privileges regarding medical examinations. They were exempt from a medical examination before arriving in Canada but had to undergo a medical diagnostic test within 90 days of arrival. This test includes a chest X-ray and blood tests to detect infectious diseases.

If a medical examination is required, you will receive specific instructions from IRCC. The examination must be performed by a Designated Medical Practitioner who is licensed to perform medical examinations for immigration purposes. The results of the medical examination are valid for 12 months.

Step 3: Admissibility and interview process

Determination of eligibility to apply

The eligibility interview is a critical step for many applicants. For applications for protected person status submitted from within the country, the interview is conducted by an IRCC officer, usually several months after the application is submitted. The officer confirms that the applicant is eligible to proceed with their application, which means they have no record of serious criminality and no previous refugee protection applications.

Preparing for the interview requires careful planning. You should review all the information provided in your forms and be prepared to explain any discrepancies or inaccuracies. It is important that the information in all your documents is consistent and coherent.

During the interview, the officer may ask questions about your circumstances, travel history, family ties, and reasons for seeking protection. Answer honestly and in detail, but do not add information that is not requested. If you do not understand a question, ask for clarification.

The refugee hearing process

Once eligibility to apply has been determined, refugee protection cases are referred to the Refugee Protection Division (RPD) of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. The RPD schedules hearings in the order they are received, with some exceptions for individuals in custody or other priority cases.

Preparing for the hearing is the most important part of the process. You must gather all evidence to support your application, including documentary evidence, witness testimony, and expert opinions. Documents must be submitted to the RPD no later than 10 days before the hearing, and copies must be sent to the Minister's Counsel if they are involved in the case.

During the hearing, you will give evidence under oath before a member of the RPD. The hearing usually consists of three main parts: your testimony about the events and circumstances that led to your application; cross-examination by a member of the RPD or the Minister's Counsel; and closing arguments from you or your representative.

Features of the PRRA process

PRRA applications have a unique process that differs from regular refugee protection applications. PRRA is considered solely on the basis of written materials without a hearing, except in very specific circumstances. This means that the quality of your written application and evidence is absolutely critical to your success.

The deadline for submitting a PRRA is very short. You must complete and submit the application form within 15 days of receiving it from the CBSA officer. In addition, you must submit all evidence and written arguments within 15 days of submitting the application form, or within 30 days of receiving the form in total.

The content of the PRRA application must be very detailed and convincing. You must explain the specific risks you will face if you return to your country, why these risks are new or have changed since your previous application, why you cannot obtain protection from your country's government, and why moving to another part of the country is not possible.

Step 4: Submitting documents and tracking status

Online submission through IRCC portals

Most applications are now submitted online through the official IRCC portals. Online submission has several advantages: faster processing, the ability to track the status of your application in real time, electronic payment of fees, and the ability to upload documents in digital format.

The account creation process requires you to follow certain steps. For some types of applications, you may need an invitation code to create an account on the IRCC portal. Once you have created an account, you can log in and start filling out the online form.

Documents uploaded must meet the portal's technical requirements. Documents must be in PDF or JPEG format, each file must not exceed 5 MB, and all documents must be clearly scanned or photographed. File names must be descriptive and in English or French.

Mailing documents

In certain cases, mailing is still an option. This may apply to situations where the online system is unavailable, for specific types of applications that are not supported by the online portal, or under special instructions from officials.

Preparing a postal package requires special attention. All forms must be completed in black ink or printed, signed, and dated. Documents must be organized in the order specified in the document checklist. Original documents are not usually required, but high-quality copies are mandatory. The mailing address is specified in the instructions for the specific program. It is important to use the correct address, as sending to the wrong office may result in delays or loss of your application. It is recommended that you use traceable mail services for important documents.

Tracking the status of your application

Monitoring the progress of your application is an important part of the process. For online applications, you can log in to your account and check the current status. The system shows which stages of processing have been completed and which are still pending.

Processing times vary significantly depending on the type of application and the current workload on the system. CUAET applications are typically processed within the standard timeframes for work and study permits. Refugee protection applications can take anywhere from a few months to several years, depending on the complexity of the case and the workload of the RPD.

Updating your contact information is critical. If you change your address, phone number, or email, you must notify IRCC or the IRB immediately. Failure to receive important communications due to outdated contact information could result in missed deadlines or even the rejection of your application.

Step 5: Receiving a decision and next steps

Types of decisions and their consequences

Positive decisions open the way to legal status in Canada. For refugee protection applicants, a positive decision means receiving protected person or Convention refugee status, which allows them to apply for permanent residence. For CUAET applicants, approval means the right to continue working, studying, and staying in Canada until the new document expires.

Negative decisions require quick action to protect your rights. If your refugee claim is rejected, you may have the right to appeal to the Refugee Appeal Division (RAD) within 15 days. For rejected PRRA applications, appeal options are more limited, but you may be eligible for judicial review in Federal Court.

Conditional approvals may include certain restrictions or requirements. For example, a TRP may be issued with specific conditions regarding length of stay, work restrictions, or requirements to report regularly to immigration authorities.

Applying for Permanent Residence

Protected persons and Convention refugees are eligible to apply for permanent residence. This process can be started immediately after receiving a positive decision from the RPD or RAD. Applying for permanent residence allows you to remain in Canada while your application is being processed and ultimately obtain permanent resident status.

The permanent residence application process involves completing several forms and gathering additional documents. The main forms include the General Application Form for Canada (IMM 0008), the form for protected persons and Convention refugees (IMM 0008: Schedule 14), and the biographical data form (IMM 5669). You must also provide a copy of the decision granting you refugee or protected person status, recent passport-style photos, and copies of all identity documents.

Medical examinations and security checks are mandatory for all permanent residence applicants. Even if you were exempt from a medical examination for your initial protection application, you will have to undergo a full medical examination for your permanent residence application. This includes examinations for all family members, including those who are not coming to Canada.

Access to services and support

Free integration services are available to most temporary protection applicants. Until March 31, 2025, Ukrainian temporary residents have access to information orientation on life in Canada, employment services for job search and career development, English and French language courses, community support for social networking, and specialized services to address specific adjustment issues.

Health insurance is available to temporary residents in every province. Coverage usually takes effect on the day of arrival in the province and includes access to basic medical services, prescription drugs, and mental health services. Registration procedures vary by province, so it is important to contact local health authorities as soon as possible after arrival.

Legal assistance is available through various channels. Provincial legal aid programs provide free or subsidized legal services to eligible individuals. Public legal clinics specialize in immigration law and can provide advice and representation. Specialized refugee centers offer comprehensive services, including legal assistance, social support, and integration programs.

Important dates and deadlines

Critical deadlines for various programs

Submission deadlines are absolutely critical in the temporary protection process, and missing a deadline can have serious consequences. For applications for protected person status, Form BOC must be submitted within 15 calendar days of the case being referred to the RPD, although the pandemic extension to 45 days still applies in some cases.

PRRA applications have the shortest deadlines. You must complete and submit the application form within 15 days of receiving it from a CBSA officer (or 22 days if the form was sent by mail). Additional evidence and written arguments must be submitted within 15 days of submitting the application form.

CUAET applications have an extended deadline of March 31, 2026. This gives Ukrainian citizens and their families plenty of time to apply for an extension or change of status. However, it is important not to wait until the last minute, as applications can take several months to process.

Consequences of missing deadlines

Missed deadlines can have disastrous consequences for your application. For refugee protection applications, missing the BOC filing deadline or failing to appear for a hearing may result in your application being deemed abandoned. If your application is abandoned, you will likely be deported to your country and will not be able to apply for refugee protection in Canada again in the future.

Reinstating abandoned applications is possible, but very difficult. Applicants can convince the RPD to reinstate their application, but this requires demonstrating exceptional circumstances and compelling reasons for the omission. Such cases are heard at special hearings, and the criteria for reinstatement are very strict. For PRRA applications, missing the deadline means that your application will not be considered and deportation may be resumed. Unlike refugee protection applications, there is no procedure for reinstating abandoned PRRA applications.

Tips for a successful application

Organizing Documents and Evidence

Creating a comprehensive case file is key to success. Organize all your documents in chronological order and create a detailed index. Each document should be clearly labeled with a description of its relevance to your application. Keep the originals in a safe place and use copies for your submission.

Consistency across all documents is critical. Ensure that names, dates, places, and events match across all your forms and supporting documents. Any discrepancies may cast doubt on the credibility of your application and lead to additional questions or delays.

The quality of evidence is more important than the quantity. It is better to have a few high-quality, relevant documents than many weak or inconclusive pieces of evidence. Each document should clearly support a specific aspect of your application and be properly authenticated.

Working with representatives and consultants

Choosing a qualified representative can greatly improve your chances of success. Licensed immigration consultants and attorneys have the experience and knowledge necessary to navigate the complex immigration law system. They can assist with document preparation, case strategy, and representation at hearings.

Establishing clear expectations with your representative is important. Discuss fees, scope of services, timelines, and communication methods at the beginning of the relationship. Make sure you understand what is included in the services and what may require additional payment.

Active participation in your case remains your responsibility even when you have a representative. Provide all necessary information honestly and completely, respond to requests promptly, and stay informed about the progress of your case.

Preparing for Interviews and Hearings

Thorough preparation for interviews can determine the outcome of your application. Review all the information you provided in your forms and be prepared to explain or elaborate on any aspect of your story. Practice your answers to possible questions, but don't memorize them—naturalness is more important than perfection.

Understanding the hearing process will help reduce anxiety and improve your performance. Visit the building where the hearing will take place in advance to familiarize yourself with the location. Learn about the format of the hearing, the roles of the various participants, and what is expected of you.

Managing stress and emotions during the hearing is an important skill. Talking about traumatic events can be emotionally difficult, but it is important to remain focused and consistent. If you need a break, don't hesitate to ask for one.

Conclusion

Applying for temporary protection in Canada is a complex and multifaceted process that requires careful planning, detailed preparation, and adherence to strict deadlines. Success depends not only on the strength of your case, but also on the quality of your preparation, the completeness of your documentation, and your ability to effectively present your situation to immigration authorities.

Each category of temporary protection—whether it is an extension of CUAET status, an application for protected person status, PRRA, or TRP—has its own unique requirements and procedures. Understanding these differences and choosing the most appropriate category is the first and one of the most important steps in your journey to safety in Canada.

The process can take anywhere from a few months to several years, depending on the complexity of your case and the current workload of the system. During this time, it is important to remain patient but proactive in tracking the progress of your application and complying with all requirements. Remember that every step of the process matters, and even small mistakes or omissions can have serious consequences.

Professional assistance from qualified immigration consultants or lawyers can be extremely valuable, especially for complex cases or if you are unsure about any aspect of the process. However, even with professional help, your personal involvement and understanding of the process remain critical. Finally, remember that obtaining temporary protection is only the first step in your new journey in Canada. Take advantage of available integration services, learn English or French, build professional and personal networks, and plan for your long-term goals. Canada offers many opportunities for those who are willing to work and integrate into Canadian society.

Your safety and future are worth the effort required to successfully navigate this process. With the right preparation, support, and persistence, you can achieve the protection and stability you seek in Canada.